PURGATORY(XVIII) of THE DIVINE COMEDY BY DANTE ALIGHIERI

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CANTO XVIII

ARGUMENT.—Virgil discourses further concerning the nature of love. Then a multitude of spirits rush by; two of whom, in van of the rest, record instances of zeal and fervent affection, and another, who was Abbot of San Zeno in Verona, declares himself to Virgil and Dante; and lastly follow other spirits, shouting forth memorable examples of the sin for which they suffer. The Poet, pursuing his meditations, falls into a dreamy slumber.

THE teacher ended, and his high discourse

Concluding, earnest in my looks inquired

If I appear'd content; and I, whom still

Unsated thirst to hear him urged, was mute,

Mute outwardly, yet inwardly I said:

“Perchance my too much questioning offends.”

But he, true father, mark'd the secret wish

By diffidence restrain'd; and, speaking, gave

Me boldness thus to speak: “Master! my sight

Gathers so lively virtue from thy beams,

That all, thy words convey, distinct is seen.

Wherefore I pray thee, father, whom this heart

Holds dearest, thou wouldst deign by proof t' unfold

That love, from which, as from their source, thou bring'st

All good deeds and their opposite.” He then:

“To what I now disclose be thy clear ken

Directed; and thou plainly shalt behold

How much those blind have err'd, who make themselves

The guides of men. The soul, created apt

To love, moves versatile which way soe'er

Aught pleasing prompts her, soon as she is waked

By pleasure into act. Of substance true

Your apprehension forms its counterfeit;

And, in you the ideal shape presenting,

Attracts the soul's regard. If she, thus drawn,

Incline toward it; love is that inclining,

And a new nature knit by pleasure in ye.

Then, as the fire points up, and mounting seeks

His birth-place and his lasting seat, e'en thus

Enters the captive soul into desire,

Which is a spiritual motion, that ne'er rests

Before enjoyment of the thing it loves.

Enough to show thee, how the truth from those

Is hidden, who aver all love a thing

Praiseworthy in itself; although perhaps

Its matter seem still good. Yet if the wax

Be good, it follows not the impression must.”

“What love is,” I return'd, “thy words, O guide!

And my own docile mind, reveal. Yet thence

New doubts have sprung. For, from without, if love

Be offered to us, and the spirit knows

No other footing; tend she right or wrong,

Is no desert of hers.” He answering thus:

“What reason here discovers, I have power

To show thee: that which lies beyond, expect

From Beatrice, faith not reason's task.

Spirit, substantial form, with matter join'd,

Not in confusion mix'd, hath in itself

Specific virtue of that union born,

Which is not felt except it work, nor proved

But through effect, as vegetable life

By the green leaf. From whence his intellect

Deduced its primal notices of things,

Man therefore knows not, or his appetites

Their first affections; such in you, as zeal

In bees to gather honey; at the first,

Volition, meriting nor blame nor praise.

But o'er each lower faculty supreme,

That, as she list, are summon'd to her bar,

Ye have that virtue〖“That virtue.” Reason.〗 in you, whose just voice

Uttereth counsel, and whose word should keep

The threshold of assent. Here is the source,

Whence cause of merit in you is derived;

E'en as the affections, good or ill, she takes,

Or severs, winnow'd as the chaff. Those men,〖“Those men.” The great moral philosophers among the heathen.〗

Who, reasoning, went to depth profoundest, mark'd

That innate freedom; and were thence induced

To leave their moral teaching to the world.

Grant then, that from necessity arise

All love that glows within you; to dismiss

Or harbour it, the power is in yourselves.

Remember, Beatrice, in her style,

Denominates free choice by eminence

The noble virtue; if in talk with thee

She touch upon that theme.” The moon, well nigh

To midnight hour belated, made the stars

Appear to wink and fade; and her broad disk

Seem'd like a crag on fire, as up the vault〖“Up the vault.” The moon passed with a motion opposite to that of the heavens, through the constellation of the Scorpion, in which the sun is, when to those who are in Rome he appears to set between the isles of Corsica and Sardinia.〗

That course she journey'd, which the sun then warms

When they of Rome behold him at his set

Betwixt Sardinia and the Corsic isle.

And now the weight, that hung upon my thought,

Was lighten'd by the aid of that clear spirit,

Who raiseth Andes〖“Andes.” Andes, now Pietola, made more famous than Mantua, near which it is situated, by having been the birthplace of Virgil.〗 above Mantua's name.

I therefore, when my questions had obtain'd

Solution plain and ample, stood as one

Musing in dreamy slumber; but not long

Slumber'd; for suddenly a multitude,

The steep already turning from behind,

Rush'd on. With fury and like random rout,

As echoing on their shores at midnight heard

Ismenus and Asopus,〖“Ismenus and Asopus.” Rivers near Thebes.〗 for his Thebes

If Bacchus' help were needed; so came these

Tumultuous, curving each his rapid step,

By eagerness impell'd of holy love.

Soon they o'ertook us; with such swiftness moved

The mighty crowd. Two spirits at their head

Cried, weeping, “Blessed Mary〖And Mary arose in those days, and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Judah; and entered into the house of Zacharias and saluted Elisabeth.”—Luke i. 39.〗 sought with haste

The hilly region. Cæsar,〖Cæsar left Brutus to complete the siege of Marseilles, and hastened on to the attack of Afranius and Petreius, the generals of Pompey, at Ilerda (Lerida) in Spain.〗 to subdue

Ilerda, darted in Marseilles his sting,

And flew to Spain.”—“Oh, tarry not: away!”

The others shouted; “let not time be lost

Through slackness of affection. Hearty zeal

To serve reanimates celestial grace.”

“O ye! in whom intenser fervency

Haply supplies, where lukewarm erst ye fail'd,

Slow or neglectful, to absolve your part

Of good and virtuous; this man, who yet lives,

(Credit my tale, though strange,) desires to ascend,

So morning rise to light us. Therefore say

Which hand leads nearest to the rifted rock.”

So spake my guide; to whom a shade return'd:

“Come after us, and thou shalt find the cleft.

We may not linger: such resistless will

Speeds our unwearied course. Vouchsafe us then

Thy pardon, if our duty seem to thee

Discourteous rudeness. In Verona I

Was Abbot〖Alberto, Abbot of San Zeno in Verona, when Frederick I was Emperor, by whom Milan was besieged and reduced to ashes, in 1162.〗 of San Zeno, when the hand

Of Barbarossa grasp'd imperial sway,

That name ne'er utter'd without tears in Milan.

And there is he,〖“There is he.” Alberto della Scala, Lord of Verona, who had made his natural son Abbot of San Zeno.〗 hath one foot in his grave,

Who for that monastery ere long shall weep,

Ruing his power misused: for that his son,

Of body ill compact, and worse in mind,

And born in evil, he hath set in place

Of its true pastor.” Whether more he spake,

Or here was mute, I know not: he had sped

E'en now so far beyond us. Yet thus much

I heard, and in remembrance treasured it.

He then, who never fail'd me at my need,

Cried, “Hither turn. Lo! two with sharp remorse

Chiding their sin.” In rear of all the troop

These shouted: “First they died,〖“First they died.” The Israelites, who on account of their disobedience died before reaching the promised land.〗 to whom the sea

Open'd, or ever Jordan saw his heirs:

And they,〖“And they.” Those Trojans, who wearied with their voyage, chose rather to remain in Sicily with Acestes than accompany Æneas to Italy.〗 who with Æneas to the end

Endured not suffering, for their portion chose

Life without glory.” Soon as they had fled

Past reach of sight, new thought within me rose

By others follow'd fast, and each unlike

Its fellow: till led on from thought to thought,

And pleasured with the fleeting train, mine eye

Was closed, and meditation changed to dream.

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